A case study report- POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE Term Paper

A case study report- POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE - Term Paper Example Furthermore, although it is not known which factors actually contribute to the polysubstance abuse, perhaps, a mix of many factors actually precipitates it. Chaotic home environment, parental substance abuse, parental mental illness, ineffective parenting, and lack of parental involvement, all of which seem to arise from a family environment are factors that need to be considered in this case. It is considered that family factors are most crucial in promoting drug abuse by the youth. Even the mentally healthy youth demonstrates high risk of abusing when the parents abuse. Poor parental attachment, nurturing, and monitoring, increase the risks of developing substance abuse. It is evident from Antonios case that he was in the middle of a dysfunctional family life. His fathers alcohol abuse and constant domestic fight between his parents leading to marital disruption can be functionally responsible for Antonios abuse behaviors. These led to substantial amount of stress at home and is definitely causative of little or no cohesion, organization, expressiveness, consistency, all leading to absence of communication between family members. More over, in Antonios case, there had been marital disruption between his parents over alcohol abuse, and this could have led to the belief that substance abuse is a normal part of the life. Cohesion among family members prevents delinquency, depression and low self-esteem and fosters self-control and absence of all of these increases the level of social estrangement that strongly predisposes to substance abuse (Dinges & Oetting, 1993). Sudden change in environment occurred in Antonios life due to their relocation from Huntington Beach to Redlands. It created pressure on him, and the factor of ineffective coping came into play. This led to his association with conduct-disordered peers, which was another precipitating factor. Lack of

Programming Language Ada 95 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Programming Language Ada 95 - Research Paper Example However, more than 450 programming languages were utilized to manage numerous working projects of Department of Defense but none of them was standardized. The main reason could be the absence of reusability. For these reasons, the Navy, Army and Air Force planned to build a high-level programming language especially for embedded systems (The Language Guide, 1997; Kempe, 1995). Thus, the Ada emerged as a programming language designed to facilitate the development of extremely reliable and long-standing embedded software systems. This language comprises capabilities to describe packages of associated objects, types and relevant operations. Additionally, the language packages can be classified and the types can be extended in order to facilitate the development of language libraries of adaptable and reusable software parts. In addition, these processes can be applied in forms of sub-programs with usual sequential programming control structures, or as accesses that comprise synchronizati on of simultaneous operational threads of control as a fraction of their invocation. Moreover, the programming language is capable of dealing with modularity in the physical way as well with a potential to up-hold split compilation (Kempe, 1995). This report will discuss different aspects of Ada95 programming language. ... In this programming language, different kinds of issue and error are indicated through exceptions and managed explicitly. Additionally, the programming language as well includes the features for system programming; which allows accurate control over the illustration of data and access to system reliant-properties. Most importantly, this programming language offers a comprehensive and predefined programming setting of standard packages comprising amenities for, among others, string handling, input-output, random number generation and numeric elementary functions (Kempe, 1995). HISTORY In 1970s, the United States DoD (Department of Defense) was worried due to a number of different programming languages being utilized for developing and managing its embedded systems and other computer system projects as well as most of them were outdated or hardware reliant and none of them allowed for safe modular programming. Thus, in year 1975, The Department of Defense formed a technology working gr oup known as High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG), with the intention of minimizing this figure by discoing or finding or developing a single technology based programming language which could be used to manage all the embedded systems. As a result Ada emerged (Kempe Software Capital Enterprises, 2011; Feldman, 1999; eNotes.com, Inc., 2011). In addition, Ada programming language greatly took attention of the programming community all through its early days. Its backers as well as others forecasted that it would become a leading language for wide-ranging principle programming as well as not immediately defense-related tasks. In this scenario, Ichbiah widely stated that within 10 years, just two programming languages would stay Ada and Lisp. In